Business Tax

As a small business owner, tax liability is the money you owe the government when your business generates income. With changing laws and gray areas regarding deductions, exemptions, and credits, it’s no wonder small business owners rank taxes at the top of the list of the most stress-inducing aspect of business ownership. To reduce that stress, taxes shouldn’t be something to focus on only at year’s end. Use these tips on reducing your business tax year-round and see your taxes and stress level decrease!

1. Business structure

Your company’s business structure is how it is organized – it answers questions like who is in charge, how are profits distributed, and who is responsible for business debt. The most common business structures are:

• Sole proprietorships have one owner who takes all profits as personal income. The owner is personally liable for any business debts.
• Partnerships are structured like sole proprietorships but can have an unlimited number of owners.
• C corporations have unlimited shareholders who each own part of the company. Profits are distributed as dividends between them. Owners are not personally liable for business debts.
• S corporations are structured like C corporations, but the number of shareholders is capped at 100.

In addition to affecting how a business operates, business structure impacts how much a company pays in taxes. The U.S. tax code is complex and includes four main tax categories:

• Income tax – paid on profits
• Employment tax – employee Social Security and Medicare contributions
• Self-employment tax – Social Security and Medicare contributions for self-employed individuals
• Excise tax – special taxes for specific goods and services like tobacco, alcohol, etc.

IA sole proprietorship or partnership is a good idea for businesses wanting tax simplicity. For those with less than 100 owners, an S corporation might be the right fit and best tax option. Again, business structure and tax laws are complex and are best determined by a qualified, experienced accountant.

2. Net Earnings

Net earnings (i.e., net income or profit) is the gross business income minus business expenses. Regardless of the business, it begins with gross income (the income received directly by an individual, before any withholding, deductions, or taxes), and allowable expenses are deducted to arrive at net income. How this figure is calculated is dependent upon business structure.

Net earnings are used to calculate business income taxes. Again, the calculation process differs slightly for different business structures. It is best to seek a professional to help with net earnings calculations for the proper calculation and maximum legal deductions.

3. Employ a Family Member

One of the best ways for small business owners to reduce taxes is hiring a family member. The (IRS allows a variety of options for tax sheltering. For example, suppose you hire your child, as a small business owner. In that case, you will pay a lower marginal rate or eliminate the tax on the income paid to your child. Sole proprietorships are not required to pay Social Security and Medicare taxes on a child’s wages. They can also avoid Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) tax. Consult a trusted accounting professional for details about the benefits of hiring your children or even your spouse.

4. Retirement contributions

Employee retirement plans benefit employees, but they can also be good for your small business. Employer contributions to an employee retirement plan are tax-deductible. They can also carry an employer tax credit for setting up an employee retirement plan. Again, this is a task an accountant can handle for you. They can guide you on retirement plan choices based on your business’s situation, employees, and other factors.

As a small business owner, you can deduct contributions to a tax-qualified retirement account from your income taxes (except for Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s). Sole proprietors, members of a partnership, or LLC members can deduct from their personal income contributions to their retirement account.

As with any tax situation, consulting your trusted accounting professional is always best. They are up to date on the latest tax laws, information, and allowable deductions. By being aware of ways your small business can reduce taxes, you can bring these topics up with your accountant, discuss the best options for you, and be prepared long before tax time rolls around.

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Contact our tax professionals to learn more about how you can control tax exposure for your small business.

It’s not just self-employed individuals who must pay estimated taxes. Here’s what you need to know.

W-2 income tax withholding isn’t perfect. You’ve probably had years when you owed more than you expected to on April 15. Or you were pleasantly surprised to receive a sizable refund. The idea, of course, is to try to come out as even as possible. You can usually do this by adjusting your withholding when you experience a life change like taking on a mortgage or having a baby.

Income taxes are also pay-as-you-go for self-employed individuals – or at least they should be. If you’re striking out on your own by starting your own small business in 2022 or you’re simply taking on a side gig to improve your finances, your tax obligation will change dramatically. Your income will not be subject to employer withholding every week or two. In most cases, you’ll get it all. But the IRS expects you to pay estimated taxes on that income four times a year.

Who Else Must Pay?

There are other situations where you’ll be expected to make quarterly payments. In fact, the only individuals who aren’t required to pay estimated taxes (besides W-2 employees whose withholding is on target) are those who meet all three of these conditions:

• You owed no taxes the previous tax year (line 24 on your 2021 1040—total tax—is zero, or you weren’t required to file a return).
• You were a resident alien or U.S. citizen for all of 2021.
• Your 2021 tax year covered a 12-month period.

You’ll find your total tax for 2021 on line 24 of the Form 1040. Notice, too, that line 26 asks for 2021 estimated tax payments.

There are numerous situations where individuals who have payroll taxes regularly withheld on their income may still be required to submit quarterly estimated taxes. For example, did you receive income from rents or royalties? Dividends or interest? Income from selling an asset? Gambling?

If you have an employer who withholds taxes, but you don’t think you’ll be paying enough given the deductions and credits you might receive, you need to plan for estimated taxes. Self-employed individuals are almost always required to submit them.

Special Rules for Some

As with all things IRS, there are many exceptions to the rules regarding estimated taxes. For example, there are special rules for:

• Fishermen and farmers.
• Some household employers.
• Certain high-income taxpayers.
• Nonresident aliens.

How Do You Estimate Your Quarterly Taxes?

That’s the hard part, especially if you’re new to the world of estimated taxes. There is no magic formula, no way to calculate to the penny what you’ll owe. You’re basically making an educated guess. Since you won’t know for sure what changes to the tax code will be put in place until the end of the year, you can’t be absolutely certain that you might get a particular credit or deduction.

But you know roughly what your income will be for a given quarter once you’re nearing the end of it. Do you have a lot of business-related expenses? Keeping track of those is critical, as they’ll offset your income. If you don’t, you’ll have to budget for a heftier quarterly payment. And you must keep in mind that you’ll be paying self-employment tax – that portion of your income taxes that your employer used to pay.

Once you’ve been self-employed for a full tax year and have seen what your tax obligation was, it will be easier to estimate in subsequent years. But you may have a difficult time your first year.

How Do You Pay Estimated Taxes?

Individuals and business that had to pay estimated taxes in 2021 submitted the Form 1040-ES four times. If you’re self-employed in 2022, you’ll need to submit similar vouchers with your payments, unless you’re paying online.

If you’re self-employed and you anticipate owing $1,000 or more in taxes on your 2022 income, you’ll need to file quarterlies using IRS Form 1040-ES vouchers (available on the IRS website) along with a check or money order. There are also ways to pay online using a credit or debit card or direct bank withdrawal. Corporations would file the Form 1120-W if they expect to owe $500 or more.

Estimated taxes for the 2022 tax year are due:

April 18, 2022 (January 1-March 31, 2022)

June 15, 2022 (April 1-May 31, 2022)

September 15, 2022 (June 1- August 31, 2022)

January 16, 2023 (September 1-December 31, 2022)

A Challenging Task

Estimated taxes are not precise. And it may be difficult to set aside money for them if your income is not where you’d like it to be. But as you might expect, the IRS will levy penalties on you if you don’t.

Year-round tax planning can help you in this critical area. We’ll be happy to set aside time to consult with you about estimated taxes. We’re also available to do tax preparation and to look at how your taxes fit into your overall financial situation. Contact us soon to get a jump on the 2022 tax season — or to finish up 2021.

Unless you’ve been planning for 2021 taxes all year, it’s time to take actions that can reduce your IRS obligation.

We’ve talked before about the importance of planning for taxes year-round. If you haven’t been able to do that because 2021 has been another complicated year, it’s not too late. There are things you can still do in November and December that will have impact on this year’s taxes.

It may be that taxes are not as big an issue for you because the COVID pandemic reduced your household income or your business sales, so you assume you’ll pay less in taxes. If so, you’re not alone. The Fidelity Investments 2021 Financial Resolutions Study found that two-thirds of Americans experienced a financial setback in 2020, for a variety of reasons, and 38 percent predicted that they’d be in survival mode in 2021.

Whether you’ve just been hanging on for the last ten months or 2021 was a good year for you, taking actions now that will affect your financial obligation that will come due next April should be high on your to-do list. Here are some suggestions.

Take advantage of Section 179.

No one likes dealing with depreciation. If you purchase or finance qualifying equipment or software in 2021, you may not have to. Section 179 in the IRS code allows you to write off the entire purchase price for the current tax year, up to $1,050,000. Though larger businesses may benefit from it, this tax legislation was specifically designed to help small businesses invest in themselves.

You’ll complete IRS Form 4562 to take the Section 179 deduction.

This doesn’t mean that you can only take the deduction if you buy equipment that costs less than $1,050,000. But the benefits start to diminish when you spend more than $2,620,000 total. The IRS also requires that you begin using the equipment—used or new—in 2021 to take the deduction.

Questions about whether you can take this deduction? Contact us.

Inventory your inventory.

Now is a good time to take a close look at your inventory. Are there products that are doing well? You might buy more before the year ends so you can claim a business expense. On the other hand, is there inventory that hasn’t sold and is unlikely to? If you have items that have lost their value, they can have impact on the balance sheet and income statement. Best to write them off.

This involves some complex calculations and knowledge of accounting rules. We can help you sort this out.

Consider putting off some income.

Are you due a bonus? You might consider putting that off until next year if your company allows it. Of course, you don’t yet know what your income and expenses will be for 2022. But at least you’ll be able to start including that as income at the beginning of the year and you’ll have plenty of time to make plans to offset it.

If you’re a freelancer or independent contractor and you know that your income will far outweigh your expenses in 2021, you might wait until the end of December to send out some invoices. That way, they won’t be included in 2021 income.

Look for more deductions.

How well do you know the Schedule C and all of the business expenses you can claim? We can help you minimize your tax obligation.

It’s better to think about this now instead of during tax preparation, so you can assemble any documentation needed and have it handy. You already know about commonly-claimed deductions like hardware and software costs, internet and phone connections, and office rent and utilities. Are you considering your home office space, as long as it’s devoted to business use? Legal and professional fees? Bank fees and business interest? Advertising and promotions? Business insurance?

Then there are charitable contributions to qualifying organizations, which must be made by December 31, 2021, to be deductible for this tax year. Single filers who do not itemize can claim up to $300 in donations, while married couples filing jointly can take up to a $600 deduction. Individuals who do itemize can give up to 100 percent of their adjusted gross income (AGI) and claim it on their tax returns. C Corporations are limited to cash donations equaling up to 25 percent of taxable income.

Put more money in your retirement accounts.

This, of course, benefits you in two ways. Your retirement will be better funded the more you contribute to your 401(k)s, IRAs. etc. You’ll also benefit from a tax break by maxing out your contributions.

“Bunch” deductions.

When you bunch deductions, you claim as many deductions as you can in a given tax year so you can itemize. You take a standard deduction the next year, then continue to alternate between the two. This is often done with charitable donations that you make at the beginning and end of the year, but it can work with deductions like medical expenses and property taxes.

Use Our Services

You may have heard some of these suggestions before and either didn’t think they would help you or weren’t sure how to use then in your tax preparation. But your goal should be to pay as little tax as is legally possible. We can help you with this. If you want to have a conversation about any of the ideas mentioned here before the end of the year, contact us. We’ll also be available to consult with you and prepare your taxes next year. Let us know now if you’d like to do that so we can get you on the schedule.

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There’s still time to take actions that will affect your 2021 taxes. We can help you minimize this year’s tax obligation.

Now is a good time to scrutinize your inventory. Which items haven’t sold well? You could write them off on your 2021 taxes.

If you expect to pay a lot in income taxes this year, maybe you could defer some income until 2022. Ask us about this.

Do you need to buy expensive capital equipment? Take advantage of Section 179 and deduct it all in 2021 instead of depreciating.

Small businesses benefit from various tax credits that reduce the amount of tax they pay to the government. Here, we discuss tax credits, why they exist and provide a list of the top tax credits that small business owners should know.

Small Business Tax Credits

A small business tax credit is an amount of money subtracted from the taxes the business owes. Tax credits differ from tax deductions. For example, deductions cut a business’ total tax by a percentage of the deduction, depending on the tax bracket. Alternatively, tax credits reduce the tax due, not the amount of taxable income. In other words, a small business tax credit is a dollar for dollar deal – every dollar of credit cuts the business’ tax by a whole dollar. This credit is a significant benefit for small business owners because it helps recover some operating costs and retains the precious capital needed for growth.

As a practical example, if your business owes $20,000 in taxes, but you can claim a $5,000 tax credit, that amount is subtracted from your total tax bill making the new tax bill $15,000.

The Purpose of Small Business Tax Credits

The U.S. government grants tax credits to promote behaviors it finds favorable. For example, tax credits are offered to businesses as incentives for activities that benefit employees, promote specific industries, or aid or benefit society. One example is the government offering tax credits to businesses that purchase electric vehicles. The government encourages this to fight climate change and global warming. Because tax credits can have such a dramatic impact on a small business’s bottom line, it is crucial to stay apprised of tax credits for which your business is eligible.

7 Small Business Tax Credits for 2021

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, related tax credits for small businesses top the list.

1. Employee Retention Credit

Under the American Rescue Plan, the Employee Retention Credit (ERC) is extended for small businesses through December 2021 and is available for all four quarters of the year. This tax credit allows small businesses to offset payroll tax liabilities by up to $7,000 per employee per quarter. That means a credit of up to $28,000 per employee is available for small businesses whose revenue declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A 20 percent decline in gross receipts during a single quarter makes a business eligible for this tax credit.

2. Paid Leave Credit

Another tax credit that falls under the American Rescue Plan is the Paid Leave Credit. This credit is extended through September 30, 2021, and offers credits for small and midsize businesses that offer paid leave to employees for COVID-related illness, quarantine, or family caregiving. The allowable credit is equal to wages up to $5,000 of paid leave for sick or quarantining employees.

Note: Small businesses are no longer required by law to offer paid leave related to COVID; however, if they do, the credit still applies.

Other tax credits of which small businesses should be aware are:

3. Health Care Tax Credit

With the Health Care Tax Credit, the smaller the business, the bigger the credit. The credit is highest for businesses with fewer than ten employees. Generally, the way to qualify for the credit is by enrolling in a Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP).

A business must meet the following requirements to qualify:

• (a) have fewer than 25 full-time employees,
• (b) have an average employee salary of approximately $50,000 per year or less,
• (c) pay at least 50 percent of full-time employees’ healthcare premiums, and
• (d) offer SHOP coverage to all full-time employees.

This credit can be claimed for two consecutive years, applicable from 2017 forward.

4. Work Opportunity Credit

This credit is available to employers who hire from specific groups that face barriers to employment. For example:

• Qualified IV-A Recipient – receiving TANF assistance
• Qualified Veteran – the IRS provides details of what “qualified” entails on their site under Tax Credits
• Ex-Felon
• Designated Community Resident (DCR) – between 18 and 40 years old and living in an empowerment zone, an enterprise community, or a renewal community
• Vocational Rehabilitation Referral – a person who has a physical or mental disability and has been referred to the employer while receiving or upon completion of rehabilitative services
• Summer Youth Employee
• Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Recipient
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Recipient
• Long-Term Family Assistance Recipient
• Qualified Long-Term Unemployment Recipient

Under the Consolidated Appropriation Act, 2021, this credit was extended until December 31, 2025.

5. Disabled Access Credit

Eligible small businesses that earn $1 million or less and have a maximum of 30 full-time employees in a year can claim this credit each year in which expenditures are incurred to make their business accessible to persons with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Expenditures include, but are not limited to, installing wheelchair ramps, upgrading restrooms, and providing Braille text materials.

6. Employer-Provided Childcare Facilities and Services

While few businesses these days seem to provide in-house child care for their employees’ children, a tax credit can make this an attractive option. This credit is a general business tax credit for 25 percent of qualified employer-provided child care expenditures plus 10 percent of qualified child care resources and referral expenditures. The credit is capped at $150,000 per tax year.

Qualifying expenditures:

• Include operating costs of a qualified child care facility
• Include costs for acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, or expansion of a property used as a care facility (but not land or any part of the principal residence of the taxpayer)
• May not exceed the fair market value of care provided

The employer-run facility must open enrollment to employees and must not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees. At least 30 percent of the facility’s enrollment must consist of dependents of taxpayer employees.

7. Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credits

Several R&D tax credits exist for small businesses. These credits typically apply to science, medical and technology-based businesses; however, many businesses engage in qualified R&D activity.

The following activities qualify for an R&D tax credit:

• New prototype or model development
• Proprietary product on which you seek a patent
• Developing a new manufacturing process or business process
• Improving product efficiency or existing business processes
• Improving quality control processes
• Environmental or certification testing

Businesses that qualify for this credit can subtract up to 10 percent of R&D costs from their tax bill.

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Ask your tax professional about small business tax credits that apply to your business. There are additional federal small-business tax credits from state and local governments. Tax credits often expire after a few years, so act quickly to take advantage of those that apply to you.

Discover how the right tax advisor can make all the difference in how much money stays in your pocket! Call us now at 847-982-1040 to learn more about our tax services for small businesses and individuals in the Northbrook, IL area. You can also request your free consultation through our website

As a small business owner, you probably know that willfully avoiding paying taxes will lead to severe problems with the IRS; however, IRS problems aren’t always a result of a business owner’s intentional actions. These are five ways business owners can get into trouble with the IRS that they might overlook or not realize.

1. Under-Reporting Income

All business income must be reported to the IRS. Even if you are a freelancer, receive contract payments, or are paid in cash, you must let the IRS know or risk hefty fines and penalties on top of the tax you owe on that income. Some individual self-employed people fail to pay taxes – either due to lack of knowledge about tax laws or evasion – and do not realize they are responsible for up to six years of back tax returns. Take note that if you do need to file back tax returns, many deductions are not claimable on more than the most recent three returns. Additional years, up to six, must be filed; however, the benefit of deductions is lost beyond three years.

2. Over-Reporting Expenses

Keep business expenses separate, preferably paid from a separate account and with a separate credit card, so that your expenses do not get mixed in with those for your business. The most common over-reported expenses are private travel being claimed and business travel and private miles driven and claimed as business miles. If you’re not sure what qualifies as an actual business expense, consult with your tax preparer or accountant. For a business expense to be deductible, it must be ordinary and necessary. An “ordinary” expense is common and accepted in your business; a “necessary” expense is helpful and appropriate for your business. Expenses like the cost of goods sold (for manufacturing businesses) and capital expenses (costs that are part of your investment in your business) are figured separately from business expenses.

3. Failing to Report “Trust Fund Taxes”

As an employer, you must withhold taxes from employee earnings. Those taxes are not paid to employees as wages and are held “in trust” until paid to the U.S. Treasury. Thus, the name “trust fund taxes.” These are income tax, Social Security, and Medicare taxes (aka “withholdings”). Sales tax is also considered a “trust fund” tax since it is collected from someone else like a customer or client and held until paid to the Treasury. These taxes must be paid and reported to the proper taxing authority and cannot be used for operating or financing a business. If they are, and they are not reported, it is considered tax fraud.

4. Forgetting the Self-Employment Tax

Just like an employer must withhold Social Security and Medicare taxes from employees, if you are self-employed, you must pay self-employment (SE) tax, consisting of Social Security and Medicare taxes, to the Treasury. The SE tax is 15.3 percent (12.4 percent for social security (old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) and 2.9 percent for Medicare (hospital insurance) of net self-employment income in addition to income taxes. That means it is calculated after expenses are deducted. Note that SE tax does not include any other taxes that self-employed individuals may be required to file, so these individuals must consult their tax preparer or accountant to be sure they are paying all the required taxes. Also, self-employed individuals can deduct the employer-equivalent portion of the SE tax when calculating their adjusted gross income (AGI). Also, keep in mind that the tax is paid only on net self-employment earnings, that is, income after expenses are deducted.

5. Not Paying Estimated Quarterly Taxes

As a small business owner, you do not have taxes withheld from a formal paycheck as wage-earning employees do. However, that does not mean there are no taxes due to the IRS. If a small business owner anticipates a tax liability of $1,000 or more, they must send estimated quarterly tax payments to the IRS. Not doing so can lead to a whopping end-of-year tax bill with penalties, too.

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Again, as mentioned above, consult your tax preparer or trusted accountant to help you make sure you stay in the clear with the IRS.

Stop worrying about your tax problems and find solution! Call us to get started now at 847-982-1040 or request your free consultation online.

You don’t have to wear a white lab coat to claim the federal research and development tax credit if you meet the four criteria outlined in Internal Revenue Code Section 41 and its regulations. Learn why failing to explore this credit may be leaving money on the table.

Many manufacturing companies fail to take advantage of the generous research and development (R&D) tax credit simply because they don’t have staff working in a lab. The Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS) definition of R&D is codified at Internal Revenue Code Section 41 and its related regulations — and it may not be exactly what you think it is.

From 2018 to 2027, the estimated value of R&D tax credits to be claimed by U.S. companies is estimated at $163 billion, with $148 billion of that going to corporations.

You can take advantage of this tax credit as long as your company performs activities such as the following:

• Redesigns its production process to be more efficient.
• Introduces artificial intelligence or robotics into your manufacturing process.
• Develops software that enhances your company’s processes or procedures.
• Designs, constructs or tests product prototypes.
• Develops second-generation or improved products.

This list is not all-inclusive. According to the IRS, many activities may qualify if they are performed in the United States and meet the following four-part test.

Part 1. Permitted purpose

The IRS test is to create a new or improved product, business component or process that increases performance, function, reliability, composition or quality or that reduces costs for your company. It does not have to be new to your industry.

Development of internal use software may meet the permitted purpose test if it:

• is an innovation that provides economically significant results;
• requires a certain amount of economic risk and use of resources to develop when recovery of the cost is uncertain over a reasonable time; and
• is not commercially available for the intended purpose, although commercially available software may be eligible if it is significantly modified.

Part 2. Technological in nature

The research must fundamentally rely on the hard or physical sciences, such as engineering, physics, chemistry, biology or computer science.

Part 3. Uncertainty eliminated

You must be able to demonstrate that you’ve attempted to eliminate any uncertainty about the usefulness of the development, improvement or design.

Part 4. Process of experimentation

You must be able to demonstrate during the research process that you’ve experimented and evaluated alternatives. This may have been done through research techniques like modeling, simulation, trial and error or some other method.

Documenting R&D Activities

Claiming the credit requires a lot of supporting documentation, however. It is worth taking the time to assess whether the amount of tax relief you’ll get is worth the effort. For example, you’ll need to determine how much of a credit your company is eligible for, how difficult it will be to document your company’s R&D activities, whether the credit can be used to offset alternative minimum tax liability and whether you can claim previously unused credits.

Many, if not all, manufacturers may find they can reduce their taxes by taking advantage of the federal R&D tax credit. In addition, many states have an R&D credit that is available to manufacturers. It’s worth investigating and we can help.

Call us now at 847-982-1040 to learn more about our tax services for small businesses and individuals in the Northbrook, IL area. You can also request your free consultation through our website.